Dịka ngwa kachasị ewu ewu n'ọrụ ahụike, ihe nlele ndị ọrịa nwere ọtụtụ paramita bụ ụdị ihe mgbaàmà bayọlọji maka nchọpụta ogologo oge, ọtụtụ paramita nke ọnọdụ ahụike na ọrịa nke ndị ọrịa dị oke njọ, yana site na nyocha na nhazi oge na akpaka, mgbanwe oge ka ọ bụrụ ozi anya, mkpu akpaka na ndekọ akpaka nke ihe ndị nwere ike iyi ndụ egwu. Na mgbakwunye na ịtụ na nlekota paramita physiological nke ndị ọrịa, ọ nwekwara ike inyocha ma jikwaa ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa tupu na mgbe e gwọchara ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ, chọpụta mgbanwe n'ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa dị oke njọ n'oge, ma nye ntọala bụ isi maka ndị dọkịta ịchọpụta ma chepụta atụmatụ ahụike nke ọma, si otú a na-ebelata ọnwụ nke ndị ọrịa dị oke njọ.
Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ, ihe nlekota nke ihe nlele ndị ọrịa nwere ọtụtụ paramita agbasaala site na sistemụ ọbara gaa na sistemu iku ume, akwara, metabolic na sistemu ndị ọzọ.A na-agbasakwa modulu a site na modulu ECG a na-ejikarị eme ihe (ECG), modulu iku ume (RESP), modulu saturation oxygen ọbara (SpO2), modulu mgbali ọbara na-abụghị invasive (NIBP) gaa na modulu okpomọkụ (TEMP), modulu mgbali ọbara na-awakpo (IBP), modulu mgbanwe obi (CO), modulu mgbanwe obi na-abụghị invasive (ICG), na modulu carbon dioxide nke na-eku ume n'ikpeazụ (EtCO2)), modulu nlekota electroencephalogram (EEG), modulu nlekota gas anesthesia (AG), modulu nlekota gas transcutaneous, modulu nlekota omimi anesthesia (BIS), modulu nlekota ume muscle (NMT), modulu nlekota hemodynamics (PiCCO), modulu mekaniki iku ume.
Na-esote, a ga-ekewa ya n'ọtụtụ akụkụ iji webata ntọala anụ ahụ, ụkpụrụ, mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke modulu ọ bụla.Ka anyị malite na modulu electrocardiogram (ECG).
1: Usoro nke mmepụta electrocardiogram
Mkpụrụ ndụ obi na-ekesa na n'ime imi, njikọ atrioventricular, atrioventricular tract na alaka ya na-emepụta ọrụ eletriki n'oge mkpali ma na-emepụta ubi eletriki n'ime ahụ. Itinye electrode nyocha ígwè n'ime ubi eletriki a (ebe ọ bụla n'ime ahụ) nwere ike idekọ ọkụ eletrik na-adịghị ike. Ubi eletriki na-agbanwe mgbe niile ka oge mmegharị ahụ na-agbanwe.
N'ihi ihe dị iche iche e ji arụ ọrụ eletriki nke anụ ahụ na akụkụ ahụ dị iche iche, elektrọd ndị a na-enyocha n'akụkụ dị iche iche dekọrọ mgbanwe dị iche iche nwere ike ime na okirikiri obi ọ bụla. A na-eme ka obere mgbanwe ndị a dịkwuo elu ma dekọọ site na electrocardiograph, a na-akpọkwa usoro ihe si na ya pụta electrocardiogram (ECG). A na-ede electrocardiogram ọdịnala site n'elu ahụ, nke a na-akpọ electrocardiogram elu.
2: Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke teknụzụ electrocardiogram
Na 1887, Waller, prọfesọ nke physiology na Mary's Hospital nke Royal Society of England, dekọrọ ikpe mbụ nke electrocardiogram mmadụ site na iji capillary electrometer dekọọ nke ọma, ọ bụ ezie na naanị ebili mmiri V1 na V2 nke ventricle ka e dekọrọ na eserese ahụ, a dekọghịkwa ebili mmiri atrial P. Mana ọrụ Waller dị ukwuu ma na-amị mkpụrụ kpaliri Willem Einthoven, onye nọ na ndị na-ege ntị, ma tọọ ntọala maka mmalite nke teknụzụ electrocardiogram n'ikpeazụ.
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Ruo afọ iri na atọ sochirinụ, Einthoven tinyere onwe ya kpamkpam n'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara electrocardiograms nke ndị electrometer capillary dekọrọ. O mere ka ọtụtụ usoro dị mkpa ka mma, jiri eriri galvanometer nke ọma, electrocardiogram elu ahụ nke e dekọrọ na ihe nkiri fotosensitive, o dekọrọ electrocardiogram gosiri atrial P wave, ventricular depolarization B, C na repolarization D wave. Na 1903, a malitere iji electrocardiograms mee ihe n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Na 1906, Einthoven dekọrọ electrocardiograms nke atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter na ventricular premature beat n'usoro. Na 1924, e nyere Einthoven ihe nrite Nobel na Medicine maka ihe o mepụtara nke ndekọ electrocardiogram.
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3: Mmepe na ụkpụrụ nke usoro ndu
Na 1906, Einthoven tụpụtara echiche nke lead bipolar limb lead. Mgbe o jikọtara electrodes na-edekọ n'aka nri, aka ekpe na ụkwụ aka ekpe nke ndị ọrịa n'ime abụọ abụọ, o nwere ike idekọ lead bipolar limb lead electrocardiogram (lead I, lead II na lead III) nke nwere oke amplifier na ụkpụrụ kwụsiri ike. Na 1913, ewebatara electrocardiogram ọkọlọtọ led conduction limb conduction, a na-ejikwa ya naanị ya ruo afọ 20.
Na 1933, Wilson mechara mechaa elektrọkiọm elektrọkiọm elektrọkiọm unipolar, nke kpebiri ọnọdụ nke enweghị ike na ọdụ eletriki etiti dịka iwu Kirchhoff dị ugbu a si dị, ma guzobe usoro netwọk Wilson nke nwere ndu iri na abụọ.
Agbanyeghị, na sistemụ ndu iri na abụọ nke Wilson, oke usoro waveform electrocardiogram nke ogwe aka atọ nke unipolar na-eduga VL, VR na VF dị ala, nke na-adịghị mfe ịtụ ma hụ mgbanwe. Na 1942, Goldberger mere nnyocha ọzọ, nke butere ụzọ aka dị iche iche nke nwere nrụgide unipolar nke ka dị taa: aVL, aVR, na aVF.
N'oge a, e webatara usoro ọkọlọtọ nke nwere ndu iri na abụọ maka ịdekọ ECG: ndu ụkwụ bipolar atọ (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Einthoven, 1913), ndu ara unipolar isii (V1-V6, Wilson, 1933), na ndu ụkwụ compression atọ (aVL, aVR, aVF, Goldberger, 1942).
4: Otu esi enweta ezigbo akara ECG
1. Nkwadebe akpụkpọ ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na akpụkpọ ahụ anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị nke akpụkpọ ahụ onye ọrịa ebe e tinyere elektrọd dị mkpa iji nweta ezigbo akara eletriki ECG. Họrọ ndị dị larịị nke nwere obere akwara.
A ga-agwọ akpụkpọ ahụ dịka usoro ndị a si dị: ① Wepụ ntutu ahụ ebe elektrọd ahụ dị. Jiri nwayọ tee akpụkpọ ahụ ebe elektrọd ahụ dị iji wepụ mkpụrụ ndụ akpụkpọ ahụ nwụrụ anwụ. ③ Jiri mmiri ncha saa akpụkpọ ahụ nke ọma (ejila ether na mmanya dị ọcha, n'ihi na nke a ga-eme ka iguzogide akpụkpọ ahụ dịkwuo elu). ④ Hapụ akpụkpọ ahụ ka ọ kpọọ nkụ kpamkpam tupu etinye elektrọd ahụ. ⑤ Tinye ihe njide ma ọ bụ bọtịnụ tupu itinye elektrọd ahụ n'ahụ onye ọrịa.
2. Lezienụ anya n'otú e si elekọta waya ndị na-eduzi obi, gbochie ịfegharị na ijikọ waya ndị na-eduga, gbochie oyi akwa nchekwa nke waya ndị na-eduga ka ọ ghara imebi, ma hichaa unyi dị na mkpọchi ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi ndu n'oge iji gbochie oxidation nke lead.
Oge ozi: Ọktoba-12-2023
