Sistemụ Ultrasound - Ịhụ Ihe A Na-ahụghị n'Anya site na Ebili Ụda

Teknụzụ ultrasound nke oge a agbanweela onyonyo ahụike site na onyonyo anatomical na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe gaa na nyocha ọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ihe niile na-enweghị radieshon ionizing. Isiokwu a na-enyocha physics, ojiji ahụike, na ihe ọhụrụ kachasị ọhụrụ na ultrasound nchọpụta ọrịa.

Ụkpụrụ Anụ Ahụ
Ultrasound nke ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ na ugboro 2-18MHz. Mmetụta piezoelectric na-agbanwe ike eletriki ka ọ bụrụ mkpọtụ mekaniki na transducer. Nkwụghachi ụgwọ oge (TGC) na-agbanwe maka mbelata dabere na omimi (0.5-1 dB/cm/MHz). Mkpebi axial dabere na ebili mmiri (λ = c/f), ebe mkpebi akụkụ metụtara obosara ụdọ.

Usoro iheomume evolushọn

• 1942: Ngwa ahụike mbụ Karl Dussik (ihe onyonyo ụbụrụ)
• 1958: Ian Donald mepụtara ultrasound nke afọ ime
• 1976: Ndị na-agbanwe ihe nlele analog na-eme ka onyonyo isi awọ rụọ ọrụ
• 1983: Namekawa na Kasai webatara Color Doppler
• 2012: FDA kwadoro ngwaọrụ mbụ nwere obere akpa

Usoro Ọgwụ

1. Ụdị B
   Foto isi awọ nwere mkpebi oghere ruo 0.1mm
2. Usoro Doppler

• Doppler Agba: Mapping ọsọ (Nyquist oke 0.5-2m/s)
• Power Doppler: ugboro 3-5 ka ọ na-enwe mmetụta karịa maka ọsọ nwayọ
• Spectral Doppler: Na-enyocha oke stenosis (oke PSV karịrị 2 na-egosi > 50% carotid stenosis)

3. Usoro Ndị Dị Elu

• Elastography (Isi ike imeju karịrị 7.1kPa na-egosi F2 fibrosis)
• Ultrasound nke e ji ihe dị iche mee (SonoVue microbubbles)
• Foto 3D/4D (Voluson E10 ruru mkpebi voxel 0.3mm)

Ngwa Ndị Na-apụta

• Ultrasound lekọtara anya (FUS)
  • Mbelata okpomọkụ (85% ndụ afọ 3 n'ime ala ọma jijiji dị mkpa)
  • Ihe mgbochi ọbara na ụbụrụ mepere emepe maka ọgwụgwọ Alzheimer
• Ultrasound Ebe Nlekọta (POCUS)
  • Ule ngwa ngwa (nsogbu 98% maka hemoperitoneum)
  • Ultrasound nke akpa ume B-lines (93% ziri ezi maka edema akpa ume)

Ókèala Mmepụta Ihe Ọhụrụ

1. Teknụzụ CMUT
   Ndị na-agbanwe ihe ultrasonic nwere obere micromachines na-eme ka bandwidth sara mbara (3-18MHz) nwee ike ịnweta bandwidth fractional 40%.
2. Njikọta AI

• Samsung S-Shearwave na-enye nha elastography nke AI na-eduzi.
• Ngụkọta EF akpaaka na-egosi njikọ 0.92 na MRI obi

3. Mgbanwe Aka Ejiri Aka
   Butterfly iQ+ na-eji ihe MEMS 9000 eme ihe n'otu mgbawa, na-eru naanị 205g.
4. Ngwa Ọgwụgwọ
   Histotripsy na-ewepụ etuto ahụ site na iji cavitation acoustic (nnwale ahụike maka kansa imeju).

Ihe ịma aka teknụzụ

• Ndozi mgbanwe nke usoro na ndị ọrịa buru ibu
• Omimi ntinye aka pere mpe (15cm na 3MHz)
• Algọridim mbelata mkpọtụ speckle
• Ihe mgbochi iwu maka sistemụ nchọpụta dabere na AI

A na-agbanwe ahịa ultrasound zuru ụwa ọnụ ($8.5B na 2023) site na sistemụ ndị a na-ebugharị ebugharị, nke na-akpata 35% nke ahịa ugbu a. Site na teknụzụ ndị na-apụta dị ka onyonyo dị elu (na-ahụ arịa 50μm) na usoro ntụgharị akwara, ultrasound na-aga n'ihu na-akọwapụta ókè nke nchọpụta ndị na-abụghị ịwa ahụ.